**Note: - There are 4
types of statements.
Types Statements
A-
Type…………………………………………………….….All
doors are windows
I-
Type…………………………………………………………Some
doors are windows
E-
Type……………………………………….……………….No
doors are windows
O-
Type……………………………………………………….Some
doors are not windows
Conversion
Statement
type
Converted to
A- Type ………………………………………………………….…….. I-
Type
( All doors are windows )
( Some doors are
windows )
I- Type……………………………………………………………..……. I-
Type
( Some
boys are intelligent )
( Some intelligent are boys )
E-
Type………………………………………………………………….. E-
Type
( No
flower is red )
( No red is flower )
O- Type ………………………………………………………………..Never be converted
( Some
boys are not intelligent )
**Note
:- At time of conversion only the subject
predicate are interchange
Alignment
If
the object of the 1st
element & subject of the
2nd element are identical (same), the two statements are called
alignment statements.
EX : All
desks are mirrors
Some mirrors
are houses
**Note:- If the two statements are not in alignment, then
1. conversion of the 1st
statement
2. conversion of the 2nd
statement
3. order change
4. conversion & order
change
EX : All boys are laborious
Some boys are
intelligent ( conversion
and order change )
* New pattern is ….. Some intelligent are boys (Now its alignment
statements)
All boys are laborious
Combination
1st statement
+ 2nd
statement = Conclusion
A- Type + A-
Type = A-
Type
A- Type + E-
Type = E- Type
E- Type + A-
Type = O*
E- Type + I-
Type = O*
I- Type +
A- Type = I- Type
I- Type +
E- Type = O
Type
**Note : Without
the above six combination ,no other combination can be drown .
Conclusion
Ø What is conclusion?
Subject of the 1st statement & object of the 2nd statement should be the same subject &object of the conclusion.
EX : All boys are cleavers
All
cleavers are sweet
Then the conclusion is
……………………………………………………………………> All
boys are sweet.
Answer
form ( from two statement )
EX: All balls are bats
All bats are wickets
1. Conversion of the 1st
statement = Some bats are balls
2. Conversion of the 2nd
statement = Some wickets are bats
3. Conclusion = All balls are wickets
4. Conversion of the conclusion =
Some wickets are ball
O*
O* is
none just the opposite of “O” , in this case object of the 2nd
statement & subject of
the 1st statement
must be the subject & object of the conclusion .
EX : No
girl is intelligent
All
intelligent are beautiful
Then the conclusion
is…………………………………………………….> Some
beautiful are not girl .
Complementary pair
If we are not found the definite conclusion, then we will
find complementary pair .
For the case of complementary pair ….
A,O
-or- O,A types
I,O
-or- O,I types
I,E
-or- E,I types
Pairs must be the follow above six types.
**Note : subject and object
of those pair should be the same .
*But if we find the definite answer and after that
complementary pair also then the definite
answer will be the answer, there complementary pair is nothing (inactive)
EX:
Statements:
All pins are rods
Some
rods are chair
All
chairs are hammer
Conclusions:
(i). Some pins are hammer
(ii). Some hammers are rod
(iii).
No pin is hammer
Answer:
1. Only
conclusion (i)
2.
Only conclusion (ii)
3.
Conclusion (ii) & (iii)
4.
Either conclusion (i) or (iii)
5.
Only conclusion (ii) & either conclusion (i) or (iii)
# Answer
form ( from three statement )
1. Some rods are pins
2. Some chairs are rods
3. Some hammers are chairs
4. Some rods are hammers
5. Some hammers are rods
Take
care.